Organophosphorus nerve agent poisoning: managing the poisoned patient
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Effective countermeasure against poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents.
The nerve agents soman, sarin, VX, and tabun are deadly organophosphorus (OP) compounds chemically related to OP insecticides. Most of their acute toxicity results from the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The limitations of available therapies against OP poisoning are well recognized, and more effective anti...
متن کاملOrganophosphorus poisoning (acute).
INTRODUCTION Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by organophosphorus pesticides or organophosphate nerve agents can cause acute parasympathetic system dysfunction, muscle weakness, seizures, coma, and respiratory failure. Prognosis depends on the dose and relative toxicity of the specific compound, as well as pharmacokinetic factors. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed...
متن کاملSlow Repetitive Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning after Clinical Recovery
Background: Prolonged inhibition of acetylcholine esterase may lead to the intermediate syndrome. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction has been shown with repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS). Subclinical NMJ dysfunction may also occur. We aimed to examine the NMJ function following acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning by using exercise modified slow RNS. Methods: A cohort study was conducte...
متن کاملOrganophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia.
Organophosphorus compounds, used as insecticides and agents of chemical warfare, are a major global cause of health problems. These irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase produce three well-recognised clinical entities: the initial cholinergic phase, which is a medical emergency often requiring management in an intensive care unit; the intermediate syndrome, during which prolonged ventilator...
متن کاملPerspectives on the use of scopolamine as an adjunct treatment to enhance survival following organophosphorus nerve agent poisoning.
Scopolamine (SCP) is an anticholinergic drug used clinically for decades to treat motion sickness, as a surgical preanesthetic, and as a smooth muscle antispasmodic. It has also been used experimentally as a pretreatment and/or treatment adjunct to mitigate the toxic sequelae of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent intoxication. SCP has been reported to increase survival, prevent or terminate seiz...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: British Journal of Anaesthesia
سال: 2019
ISSN: 0007-0912
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.04.061